|
 |
|||||
RESEARCH INTERESTS: Fish Immunology/Pathology RESEARCH SUMMARY: Research interests focus primarily on evaluating the fish immune system and developing new and improved aquaculture vaccines. I have been involved with the analysis of disease progression and development of control strategies for viral (IHN), bacterial (Coldwater disease), and parasitic (whirling disease) diseases in salmonids. In addition, I have investigated the role of mucosal immunity in fish and have found that significant antibody production can be stimulated in the mucosal component of the skin. Analysis at the molecular level suggests that localized site specific antibody production occurs and that fish have a much more primitive mucosal immune system than mammals. These findings have evolutionary significance in relation to lower vertebrate development. Information obtained from these studies form a link to studies investigating the role of passive transfer of antibody in fish from mother to egg. This may be important in the development of broodstock vaccines to be used as a strategy to enhance immunity in newly hatched fry. One disease that is being investigated and is our primary focus is coldwater disease (CWD) caused by the bacterium, Flavobacterium psychrophilum, which severely affects salmonid fry and juveniles. We have characterized the immune response of fish to this pathogen and have incorporated a proteomic approach to identify target antigens for vaccine development. REPRESENTATIVE PUBLICATIONS:
Cain KD. (2006) Stalked. Bowhunter: Big Game Special 2006. pg 10. Sudheesh, P.S., Crane, S., Cain, K.D. and Strom, M.S., Renibacterium salmoninarum Sortase is Required for Adherence and Invasion of Chinook Salmon Cells. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (Accepted) Jensen, N. R., Zuccarelli , M. D., Patton, S. J., Williams, S. R., Ireland, S. C. and Cain, K. D. Cryopreservation and methanol effects on sperm motility and egg fertilization rates for North American burbot semen. North American Journal of Aquaculture (Accepted) Jensen, N. R., Williams, S. R., Ireland, S. C., Siple, J. T., Cain, K. D. Establishing egg incubation and larvae feeding methods for North American burbot (Lota lota maculosa). North American Journal of Aquaculture. (Accepted) Swan, C.M., Lindstrom, N.M., Cain, K.D. Identification of a localized mucosal immune response in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss following immunization with protein-hapten or bacterial antigens. Journal of Fish Diseases (Accepted) LaFrentz, B.R., Lindstrom, N.M., LaPatra, S.E., Call, D.R., and Cain, K.D. 2007. Electrophoretic and Western blot analyses of the lipopolysaccharide and glycocalyx of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Fish and Shellfish Immunology (In Press) Drennan, J.D., LaPatra, S.E., Swan, C.M., Ireland, S., and Cain, K.D. 2007. Detection of serum and mucosal antibodies in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson) following immunization. Fish and Shellfish Immunology (In Press) Jensen, N. R., Williams., S. R., Ireland, S.C., Siple, J.T., Neufeld, M.D., Cain, K.D. 2007. Spawning and behavior observations of captive wild burbot (Lota lota maculosa). Proceedings of the Second International Burbot Symposium (In Press) Cain, K.D. and LaFrentz, B.R. Laboratory Maintenance of Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Flavobacterium columnare. Current Protocols in Microbiology (Book chapter – Invited), (In Press) Drennan, J.D., LaPatra, S.E., Samson, C.A., Ireland, S., Eversman and Cain, K.D. 2007. Evaluation of lethal and non-lethal sampling methods for the detection of WSIV infection in white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus Richardson. Journal of Fish Diseases 29, 1-13 Ramsrud, A., LaFrentz, S.A., LaFrentz, B.R., Cain, K.D., Call, D.R. 2007. Differentiating 16S rRNA alleles of Flavobacterium psychrophilum using a simple PCR assay. Journal of Fish Disease 30, 175-180 Sudheesh, P. S., LaFrentz, B.R., Call, D. R., Seims, W.F., LaPatra, S.E., Wiens, G. D., and Cain, K.D. 2007. Immunoproteomic analysis of a virulent and non-virulent strain of the fish pathogen, Flavobacterium psychrophilum, identifies potential vaccine target antigens. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 74, 37-47 Drennan, J.D., LaPatra, S.E., Siple, J.T., Ireland, S., and Cain, K.D. 2006. Transmission of white sturgeon iridovirus in Kootenai River white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 70, 37-45. Soule, M., LaFrentz, S., Cain, K., LaPatra, S., and Call, D.R. 2005. Polymorphisms in 16s rRNA genes of Flavobacterium psychrophilum correlate with elastin hydrolysis and tetracycline resistance. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 65, 209-216. Soule, M., Cain, K., LaFrentz, S., and Call, D.R. 2005. Combining suppression hybridization and microarrays to map the intra-specific phylogeny of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Infection and Immunity 73(6), 3799-3802. Drennan, J.D., S. Ireland, S.E. LaPatra, L. Grabowski, T. Carrothers, and K.D. Cain. 2005. High density rearing of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) induces white sturgeon iridovirus disease among asymptomatic carriers. Aquaculture Research 36, 824-827. Biga, P.R., B.C. Peterson, G.T. Schelling, R.W. Hardy, K.D. Cain, K. Overturf, and T.L. Ott. 2005. Serum somatotropin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and antibody production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) treated with sustained-release bovine somatotropin (rbST). Aquaculture 246, 437-445 Grabowski, L.D., LaPatra, S.E., and Cain, K.D. 2004. Systemic and mucosal antibody response in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) following immunization with Flavobacterium columnare. Journal of Fish Diseases 27, 573-581 Cavender, W.P., Wood, J.S., Powell, M.S., Overturf, K., and Cain, K.D. 2004. Real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) to identify Myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 60, 205-213 Biga, P.R., Cain, K.D., Hardy, R.W., Shelling, G.T., Overturf, K., Roberts, S.B., Goetz, F.W., and Ott, T.L. 2004. Growth hormone differentially regulates muscle myostatin 1 and –2 and increases circulating cortisol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). General and Comparative Endocrinology 138, 32-41. LaFrentz B.R., LaPatra S.E., Jones G.R., and Cain K.D. 2004. Protective immunity in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss following immunization with distinct molecular mass fractions isolated from Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 59, 17-26 Peterson, B.C., Simpson, P.R., Cain, K.D., Hardy, R.H., Schelling, G.T. and Ott, T.L. 2003. Administration of somatistatin-14 and immunoneutralization of somatostatin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Journal of Fish Biology 63, 506-522 LaFrentz, B.R., LaPatra, S.E., Jones, G.R. and Cain, K.D. 2003. Passive immunization of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. Journal of Fish Diseases 26, 377-384 Cain, K.D., Grabowski, L. and Reilly, J.J. 2003. Immunomodulatory effects of b-1,3, glucan administered to tilapia (Oreochromis nilotocus) in a Spirulina based diet, Aquaculture Research 34, 1241-1244. LaFrentz, B.R., LaPatra, S.E., Jones, G.R., Congleton, J.L., Sun, B. and Cain, K.D. 2002. Characterization of serum and mucosal antibody responses and relative percent survival in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following immunization and challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Journal of Fish Diseases 25, 703-713 Cain, K.D., Jones, D.R. and Raison, R.L. 2002. Antibody-antigen
kinetics following immunization of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
with a T-cell dependent antigen. Developmental and Comparative Immunology
26, 181-190.
|
||||||
