GRAHAM YOUNG Professor Executive Director, Western Regional Aquaculture Center School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-5020 Phone: 206-543-4291 Fax: 206-685-4674 Email:GrahamY@u.washington.edu   Ph.D. 1980, University of Sheffield, Zoology RESEARCH INTERESTS: Fish Reproduction & Endocrinology RESEARCH SUMMARY: My research interests are in the endocrine regulation of development and reproduction in teleost fish. My lab’s general focus has been on the regulation of steroid production and on the role of steroid hormones in regulating processes such as metamorphosis, the stress response and gonad development. The current work of the lab is directed towards determining the mechanisms that regulate early oogenesis (oogonial proliferation, meiosis onset and primary growth) and spermatogenesis. We are also using the molecular tools developed in these studies to address the effects of contaminants on reproduction and other processes REPRESENTATIVE PUBLICATIONS: Davidson, G.W., Davie, P.S., Young, G. and Fowler, R.T. Physiological responses of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to crowdingand anesthesia with AQUI-S. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society31: 105-114 (2000) Guan, G., Todo, T., Tanaka, M., Young, G. and Nagahama, Y. Isoleucine-15 of rainbow trout carbonyl reductase-like 20b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is critical for coenzyme (NADPH) binding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 97: 3079-83 (2000) King, H.R. and Young, G. Milt production by non-spermiating male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after injection of a commercial gonadotropin releasing hormone analog preparation, 17a-hydroxyprogesterone, or 17a, 20b-dihdroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, alone or in combination. Aquaculture 193: 179-195 (2001) Lokman, P.M., Wass, R.T., Suter, H.C., Scott, S.G., Judge, K.F. and Young, G. Changes in steroid hormone profiles and ovarian histology during salmon pituitary-induced vitellogenesis and ovulation in female New Zealand longfinned eels, Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray. Journal of Experimental Zoology 289: 119-129 (2001) Lokman, P.M. and Young, G. Induced spawning of New Zealand eels. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 34: 135-145 (2001) Rohr, D.H., Lokman, P.M., Davie, P.S. and Young, G. 11-Ketotestosterone induces silvering-related changes in immature female short-finned eels, Anguilla australis. Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry Part A 130: 701-714 (2001). Kusakabe, M., Todo, T., McQuillan, H.J., Goetz, F.W. and Young, G. Characterization and expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and MLN64 cDNAs in trout. Endocrinology 143: 2062-2070 (2002) Kusakabe, M., Kobayashi, T., Todo, T., Lokman, P.M., Nagahama, Y. and Young, G. Molecular cloning and expression during spermatogenesis of a cDNA encoding 11b-hydroxylase (P45011b) in rainbow trout. Molecular Reproduction and Development 62: 456-469 (2002) Lokman P.M., Harris, B., Kusakabe, M., Kime, D.E., Schulz, R.W., Adachi, S, and Young, G. 11-Oxygenated androgens in female teleosts: prevalence, abundance, and life history implications. General and Comparative Endocrinology 129:1-12 (2002) Jiang, J.Q., Wang D.S., Senthilkumaran, B., Kobayashi, T., Kobayashi, H.K., Yamaguchi, A., Ge, W., Young, G. and Nagahama, Y. Isolation, characterization and expression of 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 cDNAs from the testes of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 31: 305–315 (2003) Kusakabe, M., Nakamura, I. and Young, G. 11b-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase complementary deoxyribonucleic acid in rainbow trout: cloning, sites of expression, and seasonal changes in gonads. Endocrinology 144: 2534-2545 (2003) Lokman, P.M., Kazeto, Y., Ijiri, S., Young, G., Miura, T., Adachi, S. and Yamauchi, K. Ovarian mitochondrial cytochrome b mRNA levels increase with sexual maturity in freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) Journal of Comparative Physiology B 173: 11-19 (2003) McQuillan, H.J., Lokman, P.M. and Young, G. Effects of sex steroids, sex and sexual maturity on cortisol production: an in vitro comparison of chinook salmon and rainbow trout interrenals. General and Comparative Endocrinology 133:154-163 (2003) Quinn, M.C.J., Veillette, P.A. and Young, G. Pseudobranch and gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity in juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: developmental changes and effects of growth hormone, cortisol and seawater transfer. Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry A 135: 249-262 (2003) Saito, K., Lokman, P.M., Young, G., Ozaki, Y., Matsubara, H., Okumura, H., Kazeto, Y., Yoshiura, Y., Aida, K., Adachi, S. and Yamauchi, K. Follicle-stimulating hormone b, luteinizing hormone b and glycoprotein a-subunit RNA levels in artificially maturing Japanese eel Anguilla japonica and naturally maturing New Zealand longfinned eel Anguilla dieffenbachii. Fisheries Science 69: 146-153 (2003) Lokman, P.M., Rohr, D.H., Davie, P.S. and Young, G. The physiology of silvering in anguillid eels: androgens and the control of metamorphosis from the yellow to the silver stage. In Eel Biology (K. Aida, K. Tsukamoto and K, Yamauchi eds.). pp 331-348. Springer, Tokyo (2003) Suter, H.C., Kennedy, M. and Young, G. Neoteny or not? The distribution of the hypophysial duct within the Galaxioidea. Journal of Fish Biology 64, 1217–1225 (2004). Veillette, P.A. and Young, G. Temporal changes in intestinal Na+, K+-ATPase activity and in vitro responsiveness to cortisol in juvenile chinook salmon. Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry A 138: 297-303 (2004). Nakamura, I., Evans, J.C., Kusakabe, M., Nagahama, Y. and Young, G. (2005). Changes in steroidogenic enzyme and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein messenger RNAs in ovarian follicles during ovarian development of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). General and Comparative Endocrinology (in press) Hagen, I.J., Kusakabe, M. and Young, G. (2005). Effects of ACTH and cAMP on steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and P450 11b-hydroxylase messenger RNAs in rainbow trout interrenal cells: relationship with in vitro cortisol production. General and Comparative Endocrinology (in press) Veillette, P.A.. White, R.J., Specker, J.L. and Young, G. (2005). Osmoregulatory physiology of pyloric ceca: regulated and adaptive changes in chinook salmon. Journal of Experimental Zoology 303A: 608-613 Veillette, P.A. and Young, G. (2005). Tissue culture of sockeye salmon intestine: functional response of Na+, K+-ATPase to cortisol. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative 288: 1598-1605 Young, G., Lokman, P.M., Kusakabe, M., Nakamura, I. and Goetz F.W. (2005). Gonadal steroidogenesis in teleost fish. In Molecular Aspects of Fish and Marine Biology (C. Hew series ed.), volume 2: Hormones and their receptors in fish reproduction (N. Sherwood and P. Melamed eds), pp. 155-223. World Scientific Press, Singapore Hagen, I.J., Kusakabe, M. and Young, G. Effects of ACTH and cAMP on steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and P450 11?-hydroxylase messenger RNAs in rainbow trout interrenal cells: relationship with in vitro cortisol production. General and Comparative Endocrinology 145: 244-262 (2006). Kusakabe, M., Nakamura, I., Evans, J., Swanson, P and Young, G. Changes in mRNAs encoding steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, steroidogenic enzymes and receptors for gonadotropins during spermatogenesis in rainbow trout testes. Journal of Endocrinology189: 541-554 (2006)